Australia Chiropractic Continuing Education

Hour 1

• Discuss the soft tissues of the body for examination protocol and differential diagnosis.
• Correlate soft tissue pain radiation patterns and history to focus examination to appropriate soft tissues.
• Explain to your patient the types of soft tissue pain and injuries related to their condition.
• Identify soft tissue dysfunction consistent with injury.
• Utilize passive examination techniques to accurately record the effects of soft tissue injury to local and regional soft tissues.

Hour 2

• Utilize active examination techniques to accurately record the effects of soft tissue injury to local and regional soft tissues.
• Discern between neurological muscle strength testing, proprioceptive muscle strength testing using Applied Kinesiology and actual muscle fiber strength.
• Apply biomechanics of the upper and lower extremities, spine and TMJ to soft tissue examination protocol.
• Relate the biomechanical movement of the soft tissues of the foot and ankle to associated soft tissues during evaluation.
• Perform examination of the soft tissue structures of the foot and ankle as the biomechanical foundation of the body.

Hour 3

• Apply biomechanics of the entire lower extremity to soft tissue examination protocol.
• Relate the biomechanical movement of the soft tissues of the knee to associated soft tissues for evaluation.
• Perform examination of the soft tissue structures of the knee.
• Relate the biomechanical movement of the soft tissues of the hip to associated soft tissues during evaluation.

Hour 4

• Perform examination of the soft tissue structures of the hip.
• Relate the biomechanical movement of the soft tissues of the lumbopelvic spine to associated soft tissues for evaluation.
• Describe the movement of the soft tissues of the lumbar spine and sacroiliac joints for better patient compliance.
• Perform passive examination of the soft tissue structures of the lumbopelvic spine.

Hour 5

• Perform active examination of the soft tissue structures of the lumbopelvic spine.
• Relate the biomechanical movement of the soft tissues of the thoracic spine and rib cage to associated soft tissues for evaluation.
• Describe the movement of the soft tissues of the thoracic spine and rib cage for better patient compliance.
• Perform passive and active examination of the soft tissue structures of the thoracic spine and rib cage.

Hour 6

• Summarize biomechanics of the soft tissues of the cervical spine in their relation to the cranium.
• Relate the biomechanical movement of the soft tissues of the cervical sp8ine to associated soft tissues for evaluation.
• Perform soft tissue passive and active examination of the cervical spine.
• Determine cervical soft tissue dysfunction and its effects on the trunk, upper extremity and TMJ.

Hour 7

• Explain to patients the biomechanics of the TMJ in relation to their pain; and jaw and cervical spine dysfunction.
• Relate TMJ dysfunction in relation to biomechanical disturbances to the soft tissue of the cervical spine.
• Perform examination of the soft tissues of the TMJ with objective measurements to determine, record and track dysfunction and improvement.
• Describe the biomechanical movements of the shoulder.
• Relate the biomechanical movements of the shoulder to associated soft tissue structures of the cervical spine and thoracic spine and rib cage.

Hour 8

• Summarize biomechanics of the soft tissues of the elbow, wrist and hand for the purposes of examination.
• Relate the rotational movement of the shoulder, elbow, wrist and hand to determine soft tissue injury and dysfunction to associated soft tissue structures.
• Perform examination of the soft tissues of the elbow, wrist and hand to determine injury and dysfunction.
• Utilize appropriate advanced imaging methods for particular soft tissue structures.

Hour 1:

• Comprehend the human frame as interrelated biomechanical systems.
• Relate the functional anatomy of soft tissue structures to the movement of the human frame.
• Discern the six types of soft tissue end feel for evaluation of injury.
• Perform passive and active examination according to protocol developed by James Cyriax, MD.
• Distinguish between the types of injury and their effects on the soft tissues.

Hour 2:

• Identify soft tissue changes associated with injury.
• Discern which phase of healing is associated with the current presentation of injury.
• Apply mechanisms of healing to treatment protocol.
• Discuss diagnostic tools used to identify soft tissue injury.
• Utilize appropriate ice, heat and stretch protocols in the treatment of soft tissue injury.

Hour 3:

• Explain and perform Somatic Technique and Strain/Counterstrain.
• Understand friction anesthesia and palpatory methods for identifying trigger points.
• Differentiate between Postisometric Relaxation and Postfacilitation Stretch.
• Apply specific modalities for particular soft tissue injury patterns.
• Perform soft tissue restriction release methods.

Hour 4:

• Discern between mobilization and manipulation.
• Apply biomechanics of foot arch function to injury.
• Explain dynamic changes of foot during weight bearing, and walking on even and uneven surfaces.
• Utilize treatment protocols for common ankle sprains.
• Perform osseous manipulation to the bones of the foot and ankle.

Hour 5:

• Perform Strain/Counterstrain on the foot and ankle as an effective tool to release spasm and fixations.
• Discern and treat various pathological conditions related to the knee.
• Utilize myofascial release techniques to treat entrapment syndromes of the lower extremity.
• Explain functional movement of the hip.
• Apply functional kinesiology to the evaluation and treatment of the muscles associated with the hip.

Hour 6:

• Utilize treatment methods for contracted soft tissues of the lateral hip.
• Perform treatment protocols for the hamstrings/quadratus femoris.
• Explain the dynamics of correct posture.
• Recognize normal versus abnormal gait in patient observation.
• Describe nutation and counternutation of the pelvis.

Hour 7:

• Understand the various movements and fixations patterns in the Sacroiliac joints.
• Perform Strain/Counterstrain for the pelvis.
• Utilize a disc pump correction for mild to moderate disc lesions.
• Demonstrate James Cyriax MD protocol from manipulation of the low back.
• Devise a treatment protocol for sprain of the iliolumbar ligament.

Hour 8:

• Apply movement dynamics of the lumbopelvic spine to soft tissue injury.
• Utilize chest movement dynamics to help determine injury to the thoracic spine and rib cage.
• Provide affective treatment of the rib cage specific to rib articulations.
• Perform somatic Technique to the trapezius muscle for muscle awareness.
• Apply treatments to soft tissues of the rib cage without using electric modalities.

Hour 9:

• Discuss cervical spine mechanics as it applies to soft tissue injury.
• Create muscle awareness of the cervical extensor group with Somatic Technique.
• Reduce pain and spasm in an acute cervical spine injury using Strain/Counterstrain.
• Apply myofascial release to the soft tissues of the posterior cervico-thoracic spine.
• Educate the patient on corrective scoliosis exercises.

Hour 10:

• Relate the functional anatomy of the TMJ to soft tissue injury.
• Discern between Acute Closed lock and Acute Open Lock of the TMJ.
• Apply soft tissue treatments to the muscles of the TMJ.
• Use movement dynamics of the shoulder to better evaluate injury.
• Utilize a variety of soft tissue treatment in the treatment of adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder.

Hour 11:

• Differentially diagnose acromioclavicular joint injury and apply treatment to grades 1-3.
• Use soft tissue methods to treat the muscles of the rotator cuff.
• Discern and treat soft tissue structures related to the scapula.
• Perform a scapula mobilization technique to free up the functional scapulo-thoracic joint.
• Apply mechanisms of throwing to soft tissue injury and treatment.

Hour 12:

• Describe various soft tissue treatments for the elbow, wrist and hand and related functional dynamics of injury.
• Osseously manipulate the joints of the elbow, wrist and hand.
• Perform soft tissue treatment methods for injury to the myofascia associated with the upper extremity.
• Discern and treat all injured tendon sheath components of the wrist using soft tissue treatment methods.
• Differentially diagnose and treat nerve entrapment syndromes for the upper extremity.

• Explain the structural components of soft tissue.
• Relate impact forces to functional movements of soft tissue and the development of scar tissue and adhesions.
• Demonstrate diagnostic evaluation of soft tissue injury.
• Differentially diagnose types of soft tissue injury.
• Discuss the patterns of healing of soft tissue injuries.
• Describe the diagnostic tools in determining soft tissue injuries.
• Relate stress responses of soft tissues to development of structural and functional changes to injured tissues and their associated regions.
• Perform diagnostic tests and order imaging to best determine injury to soft tissue.
• Instruct the patient on correct application of ice and wet heat for soft tissue injury.
• Perform and explain proper stretching; passive, active and postfacilitation of soft tissues.
• Learn which therapy machines are best suited for your practice.
• Utilize infrared and electrical muscle stimulation in soft tissue injury.
• Apply appropriate contraindications of electric modalities to the individual patient’s care.
• Discern between the various EMS options for each soft tissue and injury (Interferentail current, galvanic, microcurrent, sine wave, Russian stimulation).
• Determine the most effective type of ultrasound for treatment of particular soft tissue injuries.
• Learn the benefits and applications of cold laser therapy.
• Understand the variety of massage therapy protocols and their applications.
• Discuss the benefits of each form of modality with your patient.
• Demonstrate and discuss exercise rehabilitation and muscle strengthening.
• Apply a combination of modalities for specific conditions of the upper and lower extremities and the spine.

• Discuss the normal function of soft tissues for support and movement to relate soft tissue injuries to postural anomalies. 
• Utilize the evaluation of the feet as a foundation for full body postural adaptations.
• Relate normal biomechanics of the foot, ankle, knee, hip, pelvis, spine, TMJ and upper extremities to normal posture and movement.
• Apply findings of injured soft tissues of the foot, ankle, knee, hip, pelvis, spine, TMJ and upper extremities to evaluation of normal and abnormal postural distortions.
• Discuss dynamic muscle stabilizers in the pelvis and abdominal core in relation to normal movement and fixations in the hip and pelvis.
• Relate the thoracic spine and rib cage to dynamic movement and postural adaptations in the spine, upper and lower extremities.
• Evaluate cervical joint dynamics in relation to compensations from the thoracic spine and rib cage, upper extremity and TMJ.
• Discern impact of TMJ function on cervical spine posture and head tilt.
• Relate abnormal scapular, glenohumeral joint and rotator cuff function to specific spinal and upper extremity postural distortions.
• Educate the patient in normal standing, seated, computer ergonomic, reclined, recumbent positions and normal gait to discern and recognize postural abnormalities.
• Relate functional dynamics during Acceleration/Deceleration Impact to soft tissue injury and postural adaptations to those injuries.
• Define causative factors for Scoliosis and relate muscle disparities of the multifidus to spinal, pelvic, rib cage and shoulder postural distortions for treatment protocol.
• Educate on causes of shoulder rounding, shoulder elevation; and backpack, throwing, tennis, golf, swimming, overhead sports injuries and their effects on spinal posture for rehabilitation.
• Understand and apply soft tissue treatment methods for the three posture types of Somatic Technique Theory: Red Light, Green Light and Dark Vise.
• Use Strain/Counterstrain, Friction Massage and Postisometric Relaxation as an effective tool for soft tissue damage contributing to postural distortion.
• Apply soft tissue treatment methods, modalities and rehabilitation to Pelvic Crossed Syndrome and Shoulder Crossed Syndrome.
• Apply Yoga for full body and regional postural corrections.
• Understand and explain proper postures for dance, martial arts, running, cycling, baseball, golf, tennis, standing, walking, sitting, computer ergonomics and sleeping.

• Identify the goals, indications and contraindications of spinal traction and decompression
• Predict responsive patient selection for spinal traction and decompression
• Plot phases of traction and calculate the appropriate force, traction and hold times
• Evaluate the validity of logarithmic pulls and disc targeting
• Define ethical behavior for billing and marketing of non-surgical spinal decompression device

• Develop and overview of Adult Golf Injury Assessment and Rehab
• Identify the nature of balance and applying balance assessment to golfers
• Review and Understand the concepts of coordination as applied to golf

• Identify which trunk muscles are used in the golf swing
• Review the Chiropractic influence on the golf swing
• Construct practical swing suggestions for golf patients
• Discuss fundamental conditioning concepts
• Prepare physical conditioning to improve club speed

• Differentiate the basic fundamentals of the golf swing and ball flight
• Understand the epidemiology of golf injuries in both professionals and amateurs
• Discuss the factors that influence injury formation and prevention
• Learn the shoulder muscles involved in the various phases of the golf swing and apply this knowledge to examination and rehabilitation
• Learn about the relationship between back pain and elite golf mechanics
• Determine the spinal and metabolic loading characteristics associated with golf

• Illustrate basic principles of cardiorespiratory exercise
• Outline health screening and physical fitness testing
• Create cardiorespiratory and strength training exercise prescriptions

• Describe the biomechanical fundamentals of grip, posture and swing
• Identify golf injuries and golfers’ problems
• Develop protocols of rehab, strength training and adjusting for golfers

• Investigate the anatomical structures strained during the Ober and Modified Ober tests for iliotibial band concerns
• Evaluate the utility of screening tests for predicting injury risk in athletes
• Describe the biomechanics associated with the extensor carpi ulnaris and recognize the variety of pathologies that can affect this structure
• Summarize recommendations for the assessment, diagnosis and management of Femoroacetabular Impingement (FAI)
• Assess whether expert and novice Functional Movement Screen raters can report the same scores

• Summarize the current body of literature surrounding the anatomy and biomechanics of the iliotibial band (ITB), to better understand the etiology, clinical examination and treatment of ITB syndrome 
• Explore and integrate connections between tissue structures, function, environmental and personal factors for the management of patients with lateral epicondylosis 
• Outline our contemporary understanding of possible musculoskeletal causes of inguinal-related groin pain in athletes
• Determine whether the Ottawa Ankle Rules accurately rule out ankle fractures in adults 
• Compare non-operative treatment, open surgical repair, and minimally invasive surgery for acute Achilles tendon ruptures

• Illustrate the pathogenesis of CADs ­dissection mechanisms
• Identify putative causes and triggers of CAD
• Estimate the purported incidence of cerebrovascular syndromes following cervical manipulation
• Distinguish between the neurological syndromes
• Identify stroke risk factors in general
• Assess the value of pre-manipulation testing: to screen or not to screen?
• Outline the warning signs/symptoms of CAD
• Indicate what to include in the patient history and examination
• Describe what to do if you suspect CAD
• Point out how to communicate risk to patients as well as implementing strategies to prevent CAD
• Assess the current literature on the relationship between stroke and manipulation
• Describe the anatomy of the blood supply to the brain
• Summarize the clinical biomechanics of vertebral arteries
• Outline the epidemiology and classification of cervicocerebral (vertebral and internal carotid) arterial dissections (CAD) or strokes
• Recognize the diseases affecting cervicocerebral arteries

• Compare the associations of chiropractic care and stroke with primary care physician (PCP) care and stroke in the Medicare population
• Quantify risk of stroke after chiropractic spinal manipulation, as compared to evaluation by a primary care physician, for Medicare beneficiaries aged 66 to 99 years with neck pain
• Determine the hemodynamics in the Circle of Willis with Internal Carotid Artery Stenosis under cervical rotatory manipulation: a finite element analysis
• Review compensation claims for chiropractic in Denmark and Norway 2004-2012
• Examine the risk of traumatic injury associated with chiropractic SMT in the Medicare population

• Compare the risk of injury (via Medicare data) between two cohorts of patients treated by chiropractic spinal manipulation versus treatment by a primary care physician
• Investigate the association between chiropractic manipulative treatment and vertebrobasilar artery stroke
• Assess the level and quality of evidence regarding the potential association between cervical manipulation and cervical artery dissection/stroke
• Evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of premanipulative vertebrobasilar tests in terms of sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and likelihood ratios in adults
• Observe vertebral artery blood-flow after cervical manipulation and various head positions

• Outline methods used and estimations as to the incidence of cervical spinal manipulative therapy and subsequent vertebrobasilar ischemia.
• Review and describe cerebrovascular anatomy and hemodynamics.
• Discuss proposed patho-physiological mechanisms believed responsible for subsequent vertebrobasilar ischemia.
• Review and discuss past and present scientific literature to explore the evolution of what we think we know about the process of cervical spinal manipulative therapy and subsequent vertebrobasilar ischemia.
• Identify radiographic signs of a vertebral artery dissection.
• List and discuss the uses, pros and cons of current examination tools as they apply to vertebral artery dissection.
• Explore issues and examination procedures related to patient assessment as well as vertebrobasilar ischemia recognition and proper diagnosis.
• Define and contrast currently suggested procedures and develop a vertebrobasilar ischemia plan of action.
• Explore various perspectives and reveal bias in both public media and biomedical journals.
• Identify and define new theoretical concepts and prophylactic therapies.
• Give multiple examples of anti-chiropractic bias in the biomedical literature
• List and describe the most common red flags for a patient “at risk” for suffering Vertebrobasilar Ischemia following cervical manipulation.
• Recite list of scientific studies relating to laboratory testing of plasma Homocystine levels and its relationship to Vertebrobasilar Ischemia from vertebral artery dissection.
• List examples of bias against chiropractic cited in both the popular media as well as in biomedical journals.
• Critically review landmark articles regarding the issue of cervical manipulation and vertebrobasilar distribution ischemia.
• List studies suggesting that a high plasma homocystine level may be associated with vertebrobasilar dissection.
• Cite studies suggesting that increasing folic acid intake can reduce plasma Homocystine levels.
• Identify laboratory tests that may be useful in helping calculate an individual’s risk of suffering vertebrobasilar stroke following cervical manipulation.

• Cite the strength of evidence about whether chiropractic neck manipulation causes cervical artery dissection (CAD) based on a systematic review, meta-analysis, and evaluation of the body of evidence as a whole
• Summarize our current state of knowledge on cervical artery dissection and how it impacts the practice of cervical spinal manipulation
• Outline the state of knowledge regarding bedside diagnosis and management of an acute vestibular syndrome, with the suspicion for stroke 
• Describe the demographics, past health care utilization, and comorbidities of vertebrobasilar artery stroke patients in Ontario, Canada who consulted a chiropractor within one year prior to their stroke
• Analyze the nature of internal carotid artery biomechanics and associated risk of injury during cervical spinal manipulation

• Assess the association between cervical spinal manipulation and cervical artery dissection among adults in the United States using insurance claims data 
• Evaluate the relationship between cervical spinal manipulation and cervical artery dissection among Medicare beneficiaries aged 65–99 
• Describe the effects of cervical spine manipulation on the vertebral artery concerning length changes and associated tensile forces 
• Quantify the effects cervical spinal manipulation on angular displacements of the head relative to the sternum as well as associated vertebral artery length changes 
• Compare the total vertebral artery elongations during cervical spinal manipulation and range of motion procedures

• Explain the relationship between posture and subluxations
• Describe different types of posture
• Explain the benefits of locating subluxations in different postures
• Explain the difference between the concept of the hologram and posture
• Disucss the differences between Empirical Healthcare and Mechanistic Healthcare
• Define the three Cs - challenge, check and correct

• Summarize the concept of a subluxation as recognized by other Doctors of Chiropractic.
• List and discuss the various definitions of the term subluxation.
• Outline the basic premise of the effects of aging, subluxation and the adjustment.
• List and discuss terms used by other health professions for a similar clinical syndrome.
• Define pain, nociception and antalgia.
• Draw the basic nociceptive pathway to consciousness.
• Describe and differentiate antalgic scoliosis.
• List and discuss the various definitions of spinal adjustment, manipulation, and mobilization.
• List the deep paraspinal muscles responsible for subluxation maintenance.
• Compare and contrast paraspinal muscle response to the acute abdomen.
• List and discuss therapies used by other health professions for similar clinical syndromes.
• Describe and summarize the Maintland manipulation classifications.
• Itemize scientific evidence regarding physiologic studies regarding subluxations.
• Explain how and why documentation of a subluxation is so important for Medicare patients in chiropractic practice.
• Define requirements for chiropractic services to be covered by Medicare.
• List and discuss how a subluxation may be properly documented in the medical record for Medicare patients.

• Describe the profile of suicide in the US, noting psychosocial and cultural factors that effect risk
• Identify 3 common precipitating events for suicide attempts
• Describe risk factors for suicide including co-existing psychiatric disorders
• Name the most frequent co-existing psychiatric disorders
• Use the sad person scale to assess suicide risk
• Give examples of primary, secondary, and tertiary interventions
• Describe basic level interventions that take place in the hospital or community
• Identify key elements of suicide precautions and environmental safety factors in the hospital
• Describe the problem on non-suicidal self-injury
• Explain the range of self-protective behavioral responses
• Discuss 3 myths about suicidal behaviors
• Identify 2 cultural or social factors that relate to suicide
• Examine 4 categories of motivation for attempting suicide
• Explain how suicide affects family members and friends
• Describe 3 theories that attempt to explain the causes of suicide
• Discuss the occurrence of suicide throughout each life cycle
• Outline the process for assessing the suicidal potential of a client
• Choose 3 therapeutic goals and interventions for clients with suicidal behaviors

• Indicate the manifestations of military sexual trauma
• Cite the rate of disability amongst living veterans
• Describe the incidence and distribution of mental illness in the veteran population
• Define PTSD
• Recognize the DSM-5 criteria for the diagnosis of PTSD
• Explain the risk factors to developing PTSD
• Summarize the association between PTSD and Chronic Pain
• Describe the Primary Care PTSD Screen (PC-PTSD)
• Recognize the effects of PTSD on the family of sufferers
• Summarize the psychological and pharmacological treatment for PTSD
• Define depression
• List the DMS-5 Criteria for depression
• Recognize the signs and symptoms of depression
• Define survivor guilt
• Explain suicide prevention and the VA Risk Assessment Guide
• Outline the use of the SAD PERSONS instrument
• List the risk factors to suicidal behavior
• Outline the long and short term goals in suicide prevention, interventions and their rationale
• Define the characteristics of hopelessness
• List the outcome criteria for intervention for patients with hopelessness
• Explain the factors related to ineffective coping mechanisms
• List long and short term goals of the management of ineffective coping mechanisms
• Describe interventions and their rationale for the patient with ineffective coping
• Identify medications used to treat anxiety
• Recognize medications used to treat psychotic diseases
• Identify principal signs of depression and drugs used as treatment
• Recognize agents used as antimanics and medications for bipolar disorder
• Describe behavioral disorders found in adults and children and drugs indicated in treatment
• Explain the role of medications in treating Alzheimer’s disease
• Provide patient education for compliance with medications used to treat conditions and diseases of mental health and behavioral disorders

• Determine the epidemiology, etiology and background on obesity
• Assess the theories of obesity development and pathophysiology
• Outline the risks and morbidities related to obesity

• Outline the management of obesity
• Summarize the assessment of obesity for the busy clinician
• Synthesize the literature on the dietary management of obesity
• Discuss the role of exercise and physical fitness in the management of obesity and overweight

• Outline the principles of body composition assessment
• Review the anthropometic measures of body composition
• Discuss the circumference measurements of body composition
• Assess the laboratory and field assessments of body composition

• Outline the definition and components of health and wellness
• Review the dimensions of wellness
• Discuss various models of health and the need for wellness lifestyles
• Outline the publication and goals of Healthy People

Hour 1:    Anatomy Review 

• Emphasize the unique anatomy of the cervical spine as related to spinal trauma.
• Point out the importance of the uncinate process joints as related to disc herniation, the nerve root, the vertebral artery, and the spinal cord.
• Explain how cervical spine injury may manifest clinically as low back and leg pain.

Hour 2:    Define Sleep Hygiene

• Explain the role for sleep and sleep’s influence on the ability to safely operate a motor vehicle.
• Summarize the influence of sleep on brain neurochemistry.

Hour 3:    Awareness and Soft Tissue Injury

• Explain the influence of awareness on an impending collision and the muscles ability to protect joints.
• Explain how being “caught by surprise” by a collision is related to a poor prognosis for full recovery.

Hour 4:    Whiplash History

• Summarize the history of whiplash injuries, including mechanical mechanisms, biological mechanisms, pathology, diagnostics and management.
• Define the issues that the early whiplash literature got wrong.
• Emphasize the issues that early whiplash literature got correct.

Hour 5:    Whiplash Today

• Summarize recent advances in the understanding of whiplash injuries, emphasizing anatomy, diagnostics, pain production and pain suppression.
• Integrate whiplash trauma, chronic pain, and chiropractic care.

Hour 6:    Low Speed Collisions and Minor Vehicle Damage

• Point out the mathematics of how a low speed vehicle to vehicle collision can result in passenger injury.
• Explain why vehicle damage should not be used as a proxy for passenger injury.
• Integrate the concepts of awareness, rotation, and pre-accident spondylosis in injury magnitude and prognosis.

Hour 7:    Soft Tissue Injury and Repair

• Define the three phases of soft tissue healing and point out the time sequence for each phase.
• Justify the clinical interventions that have a positive therapeutic influence on each phase of soft tissue injury healing.
• Emphasize the concept of motion in the healing of injured soft tissues, especially spinal adjusting (specific manipulation) motion.
• Quantify acute injury and ultimate recovery(prognosis) by using measurement outcomes.

Hour 8:    Treatment Duration, Frequency, and Prognosis

• Summarize the biology and published data on treatment frequency and duration for whiplash spinal trauma.
• Point out published studies relating to recovery and prognosis.
• Reference the incidence of acceleration of spondylosis in long-term studies following a whiplash injury.

Hour 1:     Low Back and Leg Pain Following Whiplash Injury

• Point out the probable mechanisms for direct injury to the lower back during motor vehicle collisions.
• Distinguish between radiculopathy, neuropathy, and sclerogenic referral of extremity pain.

Hour 2:     Whiplash Injury and the Vertebral Artery

• Review the anatomy of the vertebral-basilar vascular systems.
• Distinguish between the anterior and posterior circulation.
• Summarize the signs and symptoms of a cervical spine vascular injury.
• Solidify the knowledge as to when the suspected vascular injury patient should be referred to diagnostic imaging or emergency services.

Hour 3:     Whiplash Injury and Traumatic Brain Injury

• Explain the differences between a blow brain injury and an inertial brain injury.
• Define the pathoanatomic and patho-biochemistry of traumatic brain injury.
• Justify clinical interventions that have a positive therapeutic influence on traumatic brain injury.

Hour 4:     Cervical Disc Herniation

• Point out the anatomical differences between lumbar and cervical discs.
• Explore the pathoanatomical and therapeutic differences between lumbar and cervical discs lesions.

Hour 5:     Examinations and Evaluations

• Explain the minimum examinations that should be performed.
• Explain the minimum requirements for charting the daily patient contact.

Hour 6:     Informed Consent

• Define the legal requirements for informed consent for chiropractic care.
• Review common entities for an informed consent and the rational for each.

Hour 7:     Reports

• Make recommendations for re-evaluations.
• Make recommendations for interim reports contents.
• Explore common academic terminology and concepts in effective report writing.

Hour 8:     Testimony

• Distinguish between a percipient witness and an expert witness.
• Explain what a subpoena is and what it means to the treating chiropractor.
• Explain what a deposition is for the treating chiropractor. Summarize the basic rules of a treating expert deposition.
• Summarize the mechanics of a personal injury trial from the perspective of the treating chiropractor.

Hour 1 

• Point out the probable mechanisms for direct injury to the lower back during motor vehicle collisions.
• Distinguish between radiculopathy, neuropathy, and sclerogenic referral of extremity pain.

Hour 2 

• Define the parameters for cervical and lumber spine central canal stenosis.
• Utilize both the Torg/Pavlov and the ratio radiographic methods for assessing cervical spine central canal stenosis.
• Explain the critical relationship between central canal stenosis and hyperextension spinal injuries.
• Demonstrate a practical method for the clinical assessment of cervical spine central canal stenosis.

Hour 3

• Identify differences seen between a blow brain injury and an inertial brain injury.
• Define the pathoanatomic and patho-biochemistry of injury.
• Explore the relationship between cervical spine injury and TBI

Hour 4

• Discuss the concept of how the systemic inflammatory profile affects local injury.
• List 8 systemic inflammatory factors that should be considered and co-managed on whiplash-injured patients.

Hour 5 

• Discuss the anatomy of the thoracic outlet.
• Demonstrate a management protocol for thoracic outlet syndrome.
• Define cervical angina.
• Demonstrate the single most important test to distinguish cervical angina

Hour 6

• Draw the anatomical basis for cervicogenic headache.
• Integrate cervicogenic headache and the temporomandibular joint (TMJ).
• Define inertial injury and the TMJ articulation.
• Demonstrate a practical assessment and management of TMJ injury.

Hour 7

• Distinguish between a percipient witness and an expert witness.
• Explain what a subpoena is and what it means to the treating chiropractor.
• Explain what a deposition is for the treating chiropractor. Summarize the basic rules of a treating expert deposition.
• Summarize the mechanics of a personal injury trial from the perspective of the treating chiropractor.

Hour 8 

• Demonstrate a typical soft tissue direct examination.
• Show the two most common drawings to support chiropractic care for soft tissue injuries.

• This contains all courses with the educational objectives listed from Xray 103 through Xray 118