Hour 1

• Examine the role of exercise in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.
• Discuss the evidence supporting the efficacy of laser therapy in osteoporosis including in vitro cell studies, animal models and human studies both for fracture and osteoporosis.
• User laser therapy to normalize the bone remodeling cycle in osteoporosis.
• Discuss the cell receptor and signaling pathways in osteoblasts and osteoclasts that are receptive to pulsed electromagnetic frequency (PEMF) therapy interventions.
• Apply the “cross-talk” effect of PEMF therapy on bone.

 Hour 2

• Discuss the evidence supporting the efficacy of pulsed electromagnetic frequency therapy in osteoporosis including in vitro cell studies, animal models and human studies both for fracture and osteoporosis.
• Examine the positive “spillover effect” of laser therapy and PEMF therapy of osteoarthritis in the treatment of osteoporosis.
• Summarize the clinical trials of PEMF therapy for osteoporosis.
• Discuss the importance of pulse frequency in the application of PEMF therapy.
• Examine the comorbidity between osteoporosis and osteoarthritis.

Hour 1

• Examine the role of immunosenescence in background systemic inflammation.
• Discuss the role mesenchymal stem cell senescence in osteoporosis.
• Demonsrate senolytic therapy in eliminating senescent cells in osteoporosis.
• Contrast inflammatory resolution with inflammatory suppression.
• Discuss the role of micronutrients in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis..

Hour 2

• Discuss the role of vitamins D & K2 and minerals the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.
• Explain the effectiveness of osteo-inductive nutraceuticals in the treatment of osteoporosis.
• Examine the research on the use of hydrolyzed collagen peptides in bone density and strength.
• Discuss the use of bovine bone morphogenic proteins in osteoporosis.
• Contrast the ability of nutrients, therapeutic modalities and medications in the ability of normalize bone remodeling.

• Summarize the bone remodeling cycle.
• Discuss the changes in the bone remodeling cycle with age.
• Discuss the role of declining estrogen in the age-related changes in bone remodeling.
• Discuss the areas of the bone remodeling cycle that allow therapeutic interventions.

• Discuss the prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis.
• Describe the relationship between osteoporosis and fragility fracture.
• Contrast the relationship between fragility fracture, morbidity and mortality.
• Differentiate the differences between cortical and trabecular bone.
• Recognize the osteoporosis “care gap” and its driving factors.